Abstract

The Evaluation of the Static Friction within Molar Buccal Tubes

Author(s):Hiyam J. Al-Zubaidi and Akram F. Alhuwaizi

Objective: Buccal tubes are orthodontic attachments used on the posterior teeth instead of bands, so it is important to focus on the effect of their properties on orthodontic treatment. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the static frictional forces of the upper first molar tube from 6 brands. Materials and methods: The samples consisted of single bondable, non-convertible first molar buccal tubes from 6 brands (Dentaurum, Forestadent, Ormco, 3M, American Orthodontic, A-Star). For each brand 12 steel blocks were prepared by using CNC machine. A hole was drilled in the center of each block and a steel rod was made by an electric metal turning lathe to fit loosely in the hole which allows it to rotate. On each block 3 buccal tubes adhered in one line, the center one being on the rotating rod. A straight 0.019” × 0.025” stainless steel wire was passed through the 3 tubes and static friction was measured by a Universal Testing Machine (Instron) at a crosshead speed of 5 mm per minute. The test was repeated with a 100 gm weight attached to the middle buccal tube’s hook to rotate the steel rod and the middle buccal tube with its increasing friction. The data was then statistically analyzed using ANOVA and LSD tests. Results: Higher frictional resistance force was noted with Ormco, 3M and American Orthodontics tubes, while the least values were observed with Forestadent tubes. Conclusion: The frictional forces of molar tubes vary among 6 brands tested in this study.

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