Abstract

Histopathological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma a Prognostic Indicator: Hospital-Based Study

Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health problem with an increasing incidence and mortality rate, primarily because of the prevalent oral habits of betel quid chewing, smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor quality of life. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic intervention the 5-year survival rate of patients with OSCC has not improved. Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a great proneness to produce metastasis in lymph nodes and further reduces the survival rate. Histopathological grades of OSCC can serve as a strong prognostic indicator. Objective: 1. To study the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma about patient demographic parameters (age, sex, and site of lesion). 2. Analyse the relation between histopathological grades of OSCC and regional lymph node metastasis. Material and Method: A total of 30 cases of histopathological diagnosed OSCC. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were graded according to Bryne’s grading system. Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 13 were Well-differentiated, 12 moderately differentiated, and 5 poorly differentiated cases of OSCC. Statistical analysis was executed by using the SPSS version 20 software and Chi-Square analysis was performed. Result: The statistical analysis of the correlation between the different grades of OSCC with patient’s gender and age and site of involvement was found to be non-significant. A significant relation was evident between histological grades of OSCC and cervical lymph node metastasis. (p=0.0010*) Conclusion: In our study, it can be concluded that OSCC is more common in males in their 5th to 7th decade of their life with the most common site being buccal mucosa and tongue. The majority of cases are well-differentiated followed by moderate and poorly differentiated OSCC. In our study, a significant relation was evident between histological grades and cervical lymph node metastasis suggesting that higher grades of OSCC have a higher risk of the metastatic lymph node.

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