Abstract

Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Parameters Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A review

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is the disease that effects the lungs where there is obstruction of the flow of air to the lungs hindering with the normal breathing. A lot of studies have been done, at the national and international level, on the factors associated with the causation and/or treatment of COPD, both nutritional and nonnutritional. In this paper both these aspects have been reviewed. Under the nutritional aspects the effects of high fibre intake and ω-3 fatty acids through dietary sources have been covered. Under non-nutritional aspects, factors covered are cigarette /tobacco smoking, ABH secretor status, age, gender, BMI, MUAC, family history (hereditary factors) and clinical history with special emphasis on childhood respiratory infections. Along with all the above factors, air-pollution is also one of the major concerns for lung health. The respiratory system is affected by air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and particulate matters with particle size 2.5 to 10. In these studies, clinical diagnosis of COPD, was based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD standard) or the COPD guidelines. The GOLD guidelines, advises spirometry as the gold standard as it is accurate and gives the measurement that are repeatable for the lung function. The cut-off according to GOLD criterion as FEV1/FVC should be between 0.6 to 0.8, where FEV1 and FCV are the lung function measurements and FEV1 is the forced expired volume in one second and FVC is the forced vital capacity

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